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Association between goiter and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study using CHNS data
Jiajia Song1, Xiaofang Han1, Kemei Liu1
1Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Frontiers in Endocrinology
|April 23, 2026
Summary
Goiter is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study found a positive link, but further longitudinal research is needed to confirm causality and mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Comorbidity of diseases is a growing concern.
- Goiter and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently coexist.
- Understanding this association is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between goiter and T2DM.
- Utilize the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) database.
- Assess the relationship using a large, representative sample.
Main Methods:
- Pooled cross-sectional design using CHNS data (1989-2018).
- Logistic regression models (univariate and multivariate) adjusted for demographics, BMI, smoking, and hypertension.
- Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) to analyze associations.
Main Results:
- A positive association was found between goiter and increased T2DM risk (OR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.29-4.81) after adjusting for covariates.
- The multivariable model including goiter and covariates had an AUC of 0.809.
- Results indicate a statistical association, interpreted with caution due to the cross-sectional design.
Conclusions:
- A positive cross-sectional association exists between goiter and T2DM.
- Causal or predictive inferences cannot be made due to the study's observational nature.
- Longitudinal research is recommended to validate findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
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