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Why Size Does Not Matter: Sex Driven Home Range Differences in Brown Bears.

Morteza Naderi1, Emrah Çoban2, Uygar Can Çelik1

  • 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Sakarya University Sakarya Türkiye.

Ecology and Evolution
|April 23, 2026
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Male brown bears have significantly larger home ranges than females, regardless of body size. Sex is the primary factor influencing spatial needs in this population, not individual body dimensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Zoology
  • Wildlife Biology

Background:

  • Home range size in large mammals is influenced by sex, body size, and environment.
  • The relative importance of these factors is unclear for wide-ranging carnivores like brown bears.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between home range size and sex, body mass, and body dimensions in brown bears in Türkiye.
  • To determine the primary intrinsic driver of home range size in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GPS-collar data and morphometric measurements from 69 brown bears (46 males, 23 females).
  • Estimated home ranges using minimum convex polygon (MCP95) and kernel utilization distribution methods.
  • Analyzed data using linear models incorporating sex, body mass, body dimensions, and sampling effort covariates.

Main Results:

  • Male brown bears exhibited nearly twice the home range size (MCP95) compared to females.
  • Sex accounted for the majority of the variance in home range size; body mass and dimensions did not show significant within-sex relationships.
  • Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits did not explain additional variation in home range size once sex was considered.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is the primary intrinsic driver of home range size in the studied brown bear population, superseding body size and shape.
  • Conservation and spatial planning strategies for brown bears should prioritize sex-specific considerations rather than size-specific ones.