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Body dysmorphic disorder: Diagnostic challenges and current management.

Cierra P Geho1, Steven R Hardin, Joel L Panicker

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JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition involving appearance concerns. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Keywords:
body dysmorphic disorderbody imagecognitive behavioral therapymental healthpsychiatryserotonin reuptake inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) involves obsessive preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws, causing significant life dysfunction.
  • BDD is frequently misdiagnosed due to patient concealment and symptom overlap with other mental health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of increasing clinician awareness for overcoming diagnostic challenges in BDD.
  • To emphasize the need for early detection, especially in adolescents, due to associated risks of comorbidities and suicide.
  • To underscore the necessity for further research and improved therapies, as current treatments do not guarantee full symptom remission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on BDD diagnosis and treatment.
  • Analysis of BDD presentation in clinical settings.
  • Discussion of early detection opportunities in primary and specialty care.

Main Results:

  • Increased clinician awareness can significantly improve BDD diagnosis.
  • Early-onset BDD in adolescents correlates with higher risks of suicide and comorbidities.
  • Subthreshold symptoms present opportunities for earlier detection before full diagnostic criteria are met.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and accurate diagnosis of BDD are vital for enhancing patient quality of life.
  • Optimizing long-term patient outcomes requires timely intervention.
  • Further research and novel therapeutic approaches are needed for effective BDD management.