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Depressive symptoms and emotion regulation processes: Strategy selection and effectiveness.

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Depressive symptoms did not significantly impact emotion regulation (ER) strategy success in a controlled setting. However, individuals with depressive symptoms used savoring and bodily awareness ER strategies less often.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Depressive symptoms often correlate with poorer emotion regulation (ER) in daily life.
  • Controlled settings with instructed ER strategies show less impairment, but strategy selection is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between depressive symptoms, ER strategy use, and ER success in a standardized context.
  • To determine if individuals with depressive symptoms select and effectively use different ER strategies.

Main Methods:

  • An age-diverse community sample (N=124) viewed emotional clips under prohedonic instructions.
  • Participants self-selected and rated their use and success of six ER strategies.
  • Depressive symptoms, emotion experience, and strategy use were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Depressive symptoms were linked to reduced use of savoring and bodily awareness.
  • Bodily awareness use predicted lower ER success in those with higher depressive symptoms.
  • Savoring and positive reappraisal generally improved ER success; distraction, detached reappraisal, and expressive suppression decreased it.

Conclusions:

  • In a controlled setting, depressive symptoms had limited impact on ER strategy selection and effectiveness.
  • Exceptions included reduced use and effectiveness of savoring and bodily awareness strategies.
  • Findings highlight nuanced effects of depressive symptoms on specific ER strategies.