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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

1.1K
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

29
Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
29
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

23
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

4.0K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
4.0K
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

1.4K
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

20
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

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Risk Factors for Persistent Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry.

Ercole Barsotti1, Mazen Aiche2, Becky Skinner3,4

  • 1Mr. Barsotti is affiliated with the Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.

Respiratory Care
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is common and linked to restrictive lung disease and lower lung function. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for managing this lung condition.

Keywords:
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaselung volume measurementsplethysmographypreserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm)respiratory function testsspirometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a prevalent lung function abnormality linked to increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Persistent PRISm, defined by sustained abnormal spirometry patterns, carries a higher risk of hospitalization and death compared to transient forms.
  • Factors contributing to the development of persistent PRISm are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of persistent PRISm within a cohort with multiple spirometry readings.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of persistent PRISm.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of individuals with at least one PRISm finding and multiple spirometries.
  • Utilized race-neutral Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equations for spirometry interpretation.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with persistent PRISm.

Main Results:

  • Persistent PRISm was observed in 40% of eligible individuals.
  • Referral for restrictive respiratory disease significantly increased the odds of persistent PRISm (OR = 3.60).
  • Moderate to severe lung function impairment, based on FEV1 Z-score, was also associated with higher odds of persistent PRISm.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent PRISm is associated with referrals for restrictive lung diseases.
  • Lower lung function is a significant risk factor for developing persistent PRISm.