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Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence
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Updates on tuberculosis imaging.

Ismaheel O Lawal1, Alfred O Ankrah2, Sofiullah Abubakar3

  • 1Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular imaging, particularly FDG PET/CT, offers new insights into tuberculosis (TB) progression and treatment response. This advanced imaging is crucial for understanding subclinical disease and guiding personalized TB therapies.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceFDG PET/CTLatent tuberculosis infectionMolecular imagingRadiomicsSubclinical tuberculosisTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Infectious disease imaging
  • Molecular imaging

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) presents ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges globally.
  • Molecular imaging, especially FDG PET/CT, has revolutionized TB research and understanding.
  • Recent advancements offer deeper insights into TB pathogenesis, disease spectrum, and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in molecular imaging for tuberculosis.
  • To highlight the role of FDG PET/CT in understanding granuloma evolution and dissemination.
  • To discuss the impact of imaging on diagnosing subclinical disease and monitoring treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of recent studies on TB imaging, focusing on PET/CT data.
  • Analysis of non-human primate and human studies on granuloma evolution.
  • Evaluation of FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic individuals and treatment monitoring.

Main Results:

  • PET/CT reveals granuloma microanatomic seeding, spread pathways, and lesion biology influencing outcomes.
  • Subclinical TB is common in asymptomatic individuals and predicts progression.
  • FDG PET/CT surpasses microbiologic biomarkers in treatment monitoring and relapse prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular imaging is pivotal for elucidating TB biology and improving diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Emerging tracers offer complementary characterization of granuloma microenvironments.
  • Future directions include TB-specific tracers, AI integration, and personalized treatment strategies.