Validity of the LPFS-BF 2.0 and PID-5-BF+M in Older Adults: A Study Across Two Languages and Countries

This study evaluates the validity of the LPFS-BF 2.0 and PID-5-BF+M in older adults, focusing on (a) factor structure, (b) measurement invariance across languages and countries, and (c) nomological network. These tools assess personality functioning and maladaptive traits based on the hybrid/dimensional approaches of personality pathology. Two samples of adults aged 65 and older were recruited: a French-speaking Canadian sample (N = 452) and a Dutch-speaking Belgian sample (N = 415). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the two-factor model of the LPFS-BF 2.0 and the second-order factor structure of the PID-5-BF+M. Measurement invariance analyses indicated full configural invariance for both instruments. Metric and scalar invariance were partially supported for the LPFS-BF 2.0, while the PID-5-BF+M showed full metric but partial scalar invariance. Evaluation of the nomological net supported convergent validity of the LPFS-BF 2.0 with other measures of personality functioning, and revealed expected associations between the measures themselves and with well-being and maladaptive emotion regulation, alongside some seemingly age-specific nuances. These findings support the LPFS-BF 2.0 and PID-5-BF+M as valid tools for assessing personality pathology in older adults. However, partial invariance findings suggest caution when comparing scores across linguistic and cultural groups.