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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Introduction to Personality Psychology01:29

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Personality encompasses a set of enduring traits and behavioral patterns that define how individuals think, feel, and interact, ultimately shaping their unique identities. The concept of personality has deep historical roots, deriving from the Latin term "persona," which means "mask." This term initially referred to the roles played by actors in ancient theater, signifying the different facets individuals display in various contexts.
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Cattell's 16 Personality Factors01:24

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Raymond Cattell's trait theory offers a structured framework for understanding personality by distinguishing between two critical traits: surface and source traits. Surface traits are observable patterns of behavior, such as indecisiveness, anxiety, and irrational fears. These traits are less stable, varying across situations and over time. This means that they are less helpful in understanding the deeper aspects of an individual's personality.
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Five-Factor Theory of Personality01:29

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The five-factor model, often called the Big Five personality traits, is widely accepted in psychology as a comprehensive framework for understanding personality. These five traits — Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism — are often remembered using the acronym OCEAN.
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Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck01:29

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Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Age-Neutral Measurement Of Personality Functioning and Maladaptive Personality Traits.

M F Facon1, S P J van Alphen1,2, E Dierckx1,3

  • 1Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

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|March 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study assessed personality disorder (PD) tools for age neutrality. Both the LPFS-BF 2.0 and PID-5-BF+M showed age-neutral items, supporting their use across age groups.

Keywords:
DSM-5 section IIIICD-11age-neutralitydifferential item functioningolder adultspersonality disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychometrics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Personality disorder (PD) assessment in older adults is challenging due to age-biased tools.
  • Establishing age-neutrality in assessment instruments is crucial for accurate diagnosis across the lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the age-neutrality of the Level of Personality Functioning Brief Form (LPFS-BF 2.0).
  • To assess the age-neutrality of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Modified + (PID-5-BF+M).

Main Methods:

  • Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis was used to examine item-level age-bias.
  • Differential Test Functioning (DTF) analysis was employed to evaluate score-level age-bias.
  • A sample of 254 community-dwelling adults was utilized for the study.

Main Results:

  • A low percentage of items showed age-related differential functioning: 8.3% for LPFS-BF 2.0 and 5.6% for PID-5-BF+M.
  • Both instruments demonstrated general age-neutrality at the item level.
  • Significant Differential Test Functioning (DTF) was found for the LPFS-BF 2.0 total score, suggesting potential need for age-specific norms.

Conclusions:

  • The LPFS-BF 2.0 and PID-5-BF+M are largely age-neutral and suitable for assessing personality disorders in both older and younger adults.
  • Age-specific norms may be required for the LPFS-BF 2.0 total score to ensure accurate interpretation in diverse age groups.
  • These findings contribute to improving the cross-lifespan assessment of personality disorders.