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Diode-laser-based direct-detection Doppler wind lidar: design and initial results.

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    This study introduces a new Doppler wind lidar (DWL) system capable of measuring wind speeds in both the planetary boundary layer and free troposphere. The prototype shows promising accuracy for atmospheric research and weather forecasting.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Remote Sensing
    • Meteorology

    Background:

    • Accurate wind velocity profiles are crucial for weather forecasting and atmospheric research.
    • Existing instruments face challenges in measuring winds across both the planetary boundary layer and the free troposphere due to aerosol dependency or systematic errors.
    • Direct-detection Doppler wind lidar (DWL) systems often struggle with unknown aerosol optical properties, impacting accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present initial results from a novel diode-laser-based direct-detection Doppler wind lidar (DWL).
    • To evaluate the system's capability in measuring clear-air wind velocity profiles in both the planetary boundary layer and the free troposphere.
    • To demonstrate a DWL system overcoming limitations of existing technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a diode-laser-based direct-detection Doppler wind lidar (DWL) operating at 780 nm.
    • Utilizing the double-edge technique combined with ancillary backscatter ratio measurements.
    • Employing a frequency-stabilized diode laser in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration.

    Main Results:

    • Horizontal testing against an anemometer yielded a mean bias of 0.17 m/s and a standard deviation of 1.5 m/s.
    • Vertical testing achieved wind velocity retrieval with <3 m/s random uncertainties from 500 m to 10.5 km (night) and 4.5 km (day).
    • A time-varying systematic bias of approximately 2 m/s was observed over 17 days.

    Conclusions:

    • The prototype DWL demonstrates feasibility for measuring wind in both the planetary boundary layer and the free troposphere.
    • The system shows potential for improved clear-air wind profiling in atmospheric research.
    • Further refinement may address observed systematic biases for enhanced operational use.