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Two-stage framework for ultra-close-range spacecraft pose measurement.

Zeyu He, Haifeng Zhang, Jiaxin Wu

    Applied Optics
    |April 24, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a two-stage framework for precise spacecraft pose measurement in close-range missions. The method enhances accuracy and speed under challenging lighting conditions, crucial for docking and capture.

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    Area of Science:

    • Robotics and Automation
    • Computer Vision
    • Aerospace Engineering

    Background:

    • Accurate spacecraft pose measurement is critical for autonomous rendezvous, docking, and capture operations.
    • Existing methods face challenges with complex lighting and ultra-close ranges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust and high-precision pose measurement framework for ultra-close-range spacecraft operations.
    • To address limitations in target detection and pose estimation under varied lighting conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • A two-stage framework combining improved target detection (YOLOv8s variant) and spatial circle pose optimization.
    • Utilizing a spatial conical geometry model and nonlinear optimization based on circle reprojection error.

    Main Results:

    • The improved target detection algorithm reduced parameters by 47% with maintained accuracy.
    • Achieved real-time position measurement errors <4.22 mm and angular errors <0.58°.
    • Demonstrated fast and high-precision pose measurement capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed framework offers a feasible visual technical solution for ultra-close-range spacecraft pose measurement.
    • The system effectively handles complex lighting conditions, enhancing mission safety and success probability.