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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Modulation of Predictive Coding in Auditory Paradigms of Varying Complexity in Children With Developmental Language

Francisco J Ruiz-Martínez¹, Elena I Rodríguez Martínez¹, Brenda Angulo Ruiz¹

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|April 24, 2026

Summary

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show distinct brain responses, supporting statistical learning models. This EEG approach may aid early DLD detection in children.

Keywords:

DLD ERPs auditory design children passive paradigm predictive coding

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Linguistics

Background:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) affects language acquisition and impacts academic/social skills.
Statistical learning models propose mechanisms for language difficulties in DLD.
Predictive coding theory offers a framework for understanding neural processing of language.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate the statistical learning model for DLD using auditory paradigms.
To investigate neural responses associated with DLD using EEG.
To explore the potential of EEG for early DLD detection.

Main Methods:

Two auditory paradigms of varying complexity were presented to children with DLD and typically developing children.
Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded psychophysiological responses (P1, MMN, PINV, CNV).
Stimulus sequences varied in frequency, including unexpected tone endings.

Main Results:

Children with DLD exhibited an absent mismatch negativity (MMN) and heightened P1 response to deviant tones.
Increased PINV and CNV responses were observed in DLD participants during complex paradigms.
Findings suggest impaired frontal MMN generators and potential compensation by the auditory cortex.

Conclusions:

The statistical learning model is supported as a valid framework for DLD's neural basis.
EEG paradigms show promise for early detection of DLD.
Incomplete maturation of frontal areas may influence neural responses in children aged 3-11.