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Age-Related Changes in EEG Signal Complexity and Behavioral Variability from Childhood to Adulthood: A Multiscale

Brenda Y Angulo-Ruiz1, Vanesa Muñoz1, Elena I Rodríguez-Martínez1

  • 1Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain.

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|May 4, 2026
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Summary

Brain complexity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and Multiscale Entropy (MSE), changes with age. Fine-scale neural complexity in developing brains correlates with improved behavioral stability.

Keywords:
age-related changesbehavioral variabilitybrain developmentelectroencephalographymultiscale entropyneural complexity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Physiological signal complexity offers insights into brain development and functional organization.
  • Understanding age-related changes in neural complexity is crucial for characterizing brain maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) signal complexity using Multiscale Entropy (MSE).
  • To examine the association between neural complexity and behavioral variability during development.
  • To explore scale- and region-specific patterns of brain maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded resting-state EEG data from 240 participants aged 6-29 years.
  • Computed Multiscale Entropy (MSE) across 34 temporal scales (fine, medium, coarse).
  • Assessed behavioral variability using Oddball and Delayed Match-to-Sample tasks; analyzed associations using regression and correlation.

Main Results:

  • MSE demonstrated significant age-related changes across temporal scales and cortical regions.
  • Fine-scale MSE increased with age globally; medium scales showed region-specific decreases; coarse scales decreased generally.
  • Decreased behavioral variability with age was observed; fine-scale MSE in central/posterior regions correlated with reduced performance variability.

Conclusions:

  • Neural complexity exhibits scale- and region-specific developmental trajectories.
  • Fine-scale neural complexity, as measured by MSE, is linked to enhanced behavioral stability in developing individuals.
  • This study highlights MSE's potential to capture developmental changes in brain maturation beyond traditional measures.