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Research Advances in Multi-tissue Organoid Models Based on PBMCs.

Dongyang He¹, Yicheng Feng¹, Xiao An²

¹Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.

Molecular Biotechnology

|April 24, 2026

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Integrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into organoids enhances disease modeling by recreating complex tumor microenvironments. This approach improves drug screening and personalized medicine applications.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Immunology

Background:

Organoids are 3D in vitro models mimicking in vivo tissues, crucial for disease modeling and drug screening.
Conventional organoids lack native microenvironments, limiting their use in studying immune responses and immunotherapies.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are accessible, heterogeneous immune cells reflecting patient-specific immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in integrating PBMCs into organoid models.
To summarize PBMC properties and applications in various organoid systems.
To compare modeling methodologies and discuss future directions for PBMC-integrated organoids.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on PBMC-integrated organoid systems.

Keywords:

Integrated immune model Organoids PBMCs Tumor microenvironment

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Summarization of PBMC biological properties and applications.

Comparative analysis of current modeling techniques.

Main Results:

PBMCs are increasingly used to engineer immune-integrated organoid models.
PBMC integration enhances organoid complexity, particularly the tumor microenvironment.
Applications span cerebral, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic organoid models.

Conclusions:

PBMC-integrated organoids offer improved platforms for studying immune-related diseases and evaluating immunotherapeutics.
These models hold significant potential for personalized medicine and understanding disease mechanisms.
Further research is needed to address limitations and optimize these advanced models.