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Mumps encephalitis in an immunocompromised adult
Vinura Munasinghe1, Rudramun Gopal2, Hnin Ei Phyu2
1Deaprtment of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford, UK.
BMJ Case Reports
|April 24, 2026
Summary
Mumps encephalitis, though rare post-vaccination, remains a concern in immunocompromised individuals. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and the importance of considering mumps meningoencephalitis in unexplained encephalitis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Mumps encephalitis is a rare complication of mumps virus infection, particularly in the post-vaccination era.
- However, it remains a significant differential diagnosis for infective encephalitis in immunosuppressed individuals or those with incomplete vaccination histories.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a case of mumps meningoencephalitis in an immunosuppressed adult with Crohn's disease.
- To highlight diagnostic challenges, including subtle clinical manifestations and imaging findings.
- To emphasize the importance of considering mumps serology in specific patient populations.
Main Methods:
- Case report of an adult male with Crohn's disease on immunosuppressive therapy.
- Clinical presentation included acute encephalopathy, seizures, and abnormal neuroimaging.
- Diagnostic process involved evaluating subtle clinical signs and vaccination history.
Main Results:
- The patient presented with acute encephalopathy and seizures, without initial parotitis.
- Diagnosis of mumps meningoencephalitis was delayed due to subtle symptoms and incomplete vaccination history.
- Neuroimaging showed abnormalities consistent with encephalitis.
Conclusions:
- Mumps meningoencephalitis should be considered in immunosuppressed patients presenting with unexplained encephalitis, even with atypical or subtle symptoms.
- Diagnostic imaging can provide valuable clues, even with subtle changes.
- Thorough vaccination history and serological testing are crucial for accurate diagnosis.
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