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This study explores Onsager reciprocity in cellular processes, finding it applies to the bacterial flagellum and ATP synthase but not to cytoskeleton dynamics during cell division. This offers a new statistical approach for intracellular dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular thermodynamics
  • Statistical biophysics
  • Quantitative cell biology

Background:

  • Quantifying intracellular dynamics in complex cells is challenging.
  • Stochastic thermodynamics effectively analyzes single molecules but lacks whole-cell statistical approaches.
  • A method to link subcellular microstates to a whole cell's macrostate is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Onsager reciprocity, a thermodynamic coupling principle, between time-dependent intracellular processes.
  • To develop a statistical approach for determining a cell's macrostate from its microstates.
  • To test for coupling between cellular subsystems using thermodynamic flows.

Main Methods:

  • Formulating a prototypical thermodynamic profile of the cell as a model system.
  • Representing cellular subsystems as force-driven thermodynamic flows.
  • Applying Onsager reciprocity principles to validated cellular components and processes.

Main Results:

  • Onsager reciprocity was successfully validated for the bacterial flagellum and ATP synthase.
  • A putative coupling between the contractile ring and cytoskeleton treadmilling in cell division showed opposite outcomes in bacteria and eukaryotes.
  • Thermodynamic flows and forces were formulated according to canonical definitions.

Conclusions:

  • Onsager reciprocity can be applied to specific intracellular dynamics, like molecular motors.
  • The coupling principle does not universally apply to all intracellular processes, such as cytoskeleton dynamics in cell division.
  • This study provides a framework for analyzing intracellular thermodynamic coupling and opens avenues for quantitative cell biology.