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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Shifting snake ranges in a warming world.

Xinru Wan1, Wei She1, Wenke Chang1

  • 1Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|April 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change threatens snake biodiversity, causing significant range contractions and shifts. Conservation efforts must adapt to protect vulnerable species and their genetic diversity, as current protected areas are insufficient.

Keywords:
Biodiversidadbiodiversitycambio climáticocambio de rango de distribuciónclimate changeconservaciónconservación de serpientesextinciónextinctionrange shiftsnake conservation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Science
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Global snake biodiversity is under pressure from climate change, with limited large-scale assessments hindering conservation.
  • Understanding spatial patterns of diversity and future range dynamics is crucial for effective snake conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate current spatial patterns of snake diversity.
  • To project future range dynamics and identify conservation priorities under various climate change scenarios.
  • To integrate genetic and phylogenetic diversity into conservation assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled 3,486,894 records for 3044 snake species across seven biogeographic realms.
  • Constructed species distribution models for 1201 species under four shared socioeconomic pathways and 10 global climate models.
  • Applied generalized linear mixed models incorporating genetic and phylogenetic diversity to assess conservation priorities.

Main Results:

  • 542 of 1201 species (45.1%) are projected to experience significant range contractions.
  • 175 species (14.6%) face both range loss and shifts exceeding 400 km; 103 species (13.3%) show range contraction and low genetic diversity.
  • Species in tropical forests and montane habitats are disproportionately at risk; current protected areas cover only 20-40% of threatened snake ranges.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for spatially adaptive, genetically informed, and climate-resilient conservation strategies for global snake diversity.
  • Four key conservation priority groups identified based on range vulnerability, genetic risk, and protection gaps.
  • Conservation planning must address inadequate protected area coverage and habitat loss within existing reserves.