Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

18.8K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
18.8K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.2K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.2K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

19.2K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
19.2K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

989
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
989
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.7K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

45.8K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
45.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reactivity-Controlled Aluminum (III)-Based Electrolyte Enables Year-Long Stable Metal Anodes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Constructing an interconnected gel with ionic fluid channels for AC line-filtering.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Solvation-Mediated Shift From Solvent- to Anion-Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphases for Stable Calcium Metal Anodes.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Solvating magnesium polysulfides enables low-barrier speciation for magnesium sulfur batteries.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Anion Induced Electric Double Layer Compression and Desolvation Optimization Enable Long Life Zinc Anodes under High-Rate.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Identifying key intermediates for the oxygen evolution reaction on hematite using ab-initio molecular dynamics.

Nature communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
06:58

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Published on: September 29, 2020

4.1K

Solvent-Anion Counterpoised Electrolyte Enables High-Rate Magnesium Metal Batteries.

Meng Zhang1, Ruimin Li1,2, Wanyu Zhao1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Machine learning identified electrolytes that weaken magnesium-ion solvation shells, enabling faster magnesium battery charging. This breakthrough accelerates interfacial kinetics for high-performance energy storage.

Keywords:
counterpoised solvent–anionmagnesium metal anodesolid electrolyte interphasesolvation structure

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

12.4K
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
06:58

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Published on: September 29, 2020

4.1K
Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

12.4K
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.3K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Magnesium batteries are promising post-lithium energy storage alternatives.
  • Sluggish charge transfer kinetics, due to high Mg2+ desolvation energy barriers, hinder their performance.
  • The compact solvation sheath of Mg2+ results from strong electrostatic binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the Mg2+ desolvation energy barrier by designing novel electrolytes.
  • To weaken the Mg2+ solvation shell by balancing Mg2+-solvent and Mg2+-anion interactions.
  • To accelerate interfacial kinetics for enhanced magnesium battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized machine learning to screen and identify suitable electrolyte components.
  • Employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to characterize the solvation environment and interfacial behavior.
  • Fabricated and tested magnesium battery cells with the developed electrolyte.

Main Results:

  • Identified amine-based electrolytes that effectively weaken the Mg2+ solvation shell.
  • Achieved low overpotential for Mg2+ reduction (0.06 V at 1 mA cm-2).
  • Demonstrated high-rate cycling performance in full cells (sustained 50 C) and high capacity in Mg/fluorinated carbon cells (918 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C).

Conclusions:

  • Developed a new paradigm for electrolyte design in multivalent batteries, focusing on collective energy equilibration.
  • The optimized electrolyte facilitates synchronous desolvation and forms a robust MgH2-based solid-electrolyte interphase.
  • This approach significantly enhances interfacial kinetics, paving the way for practical high-performance magnesium batteries.