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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Introduction to Microbial Ecology01:28

Introduction to Microbial Ecology

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Microbial ecology examines the complex web of interactions and diversity among microorganisms within various ecosystems. This field seeks to understand how microbial populations adapt to and influence their environments and how these interactions shape broader ecological processes. Microbes are integral to ecosystem function, participating in nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the maintenance of environmental homeostasis.An ecosystem represents a dynamic interaction between living organisms...
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The lizard microbiome: patterns, drivers, and functional implications.

Claire E Williams1,2, Yanileth F Lopez Tacoaman2,3, Samantha S Fontaine4

  • 1Department of Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States.

FEMS Microbiology Letters
|April 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The lizard microbiome is vital for animal health and survival. Understanding these microbial communities is crucial for lizard conservation amid global change.

Keywords:
host-associated microbiotahost-microbe interactionsmicrobial diversitysquamatesymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Lizard microbiomes are dynamic communities essential for host health and survival.
  • Global change presents significant threats to lizard populations worldwide.
  • Understanding lizard-microbe interactions is increasingly critical for conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current research on lizard microbiome composition, diversity, transmission, and function.
  • To explore the implications of microbiome variation for lizard physiology.
  • To assess the potential of microbiomes in informing conservation strategies for threatened lizard species.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis of a rapidly growing body of research.
  • Discussion of existing studies on lizard microbiome characteristics.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research priorities.

Main Results:

  • Lizard microbiomes play a crucial role in host health and survival.
  • Microbiome variation has implications for lizard physiology.
  • Microbiomes offer potential for conservation strategies for threatened species.

Conclusions:

  • Lizard microbiome science contributes significantly to ecology, evolution, and conservation biology.
  • Further research is needed to quantify microbiome diversity and function across more lizard taxa.
  • Experimental and field studies are essential to understand the adaptive significance of lizard microbiomes in response to environmental change.