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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

Laser-Induced-Structural Transformation in Ti₃CNT_x MXene Monitored by Raman Spectroscopy with DFT Insight.

Subrata Ghosh^1,2,3, Narayan N Som⁴, Muhammad Abiyyu Kenichi Purbayanto¹

¹Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|April 27, 2026

Summary

This study details Raman spectroscopy for Ti3CNTx MXene, identifying laser power thresholds to preserve material integrity. Findings guide optimal conditions for MXene applications in sensors and electronics.

Keywords:

MXene Raman spectroscopy density functional theory microwave‐assisted hydrothermal photothermal properties

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Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Spectroscopy

Background:

MXenes, a class of 2D nanomaterials, possess tunable properties making them promising for various applications.
Raman spectroscopy is crucial for characterizing nanomaterials like Ti3CNTx MXene.
Existing literature lacks clear guidance on Raman analysis conditions for Ti3CNTx MXene.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive Raman spectroscopic study of microwave-assisted hydrothermally synthesized Ti3CNTx MXene.
To establish optimal laser excitation conditions and identify power thresholds to prevent material degradation.
To investigate the environmental stability of Ti3CNTx MXene thin films.

Main Methods:

Utilized multiple laser excitation wavelengths (457, 514.5, 532, 660 nm) and varying laser powers.
Performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations for vibrational mode assignments.
Evaluated thin film stability under ambient conditions over an extended period.

Main Results:

Identified critical laser power thresholds for each wavelength, above which photothermal effects induce amorphous carbon, TiO2, and N-doping.
DFT calculations supported experimental observations and vibrational mode assignments for functionalized Ti3CNTx.
Ti3CNTx MXene thin films demonstrated excellent environmental stability with no significant spectral changes over one month.

Conclusions:

Established optimal Raman spectroscopy parameters for Ti3CNTx MXene analysis, preventing laser-induced degradation.
The findings provide crucial insights for the reliable characterization of Ti3CNTx MXene.
This research facilitates the integration of Ti3CNTx MXene into advanced technologies like sensors and electronics.