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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Optically active spins in van der Waals materials and devices.

Carmem M Gilardoni1, Hannah L Stern2, Mete Atatüre3

  • 1Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180 Brazil.

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Layered van der Waals materials enable quantum communication and sensing using optically addressable spins. Research focuses on understanding spin origins and achieving reproducible device engineering for these advanced quantum technologies.

Keywords:
DefectsDevicesHeterostructureLayeredPhotonicSingle-photon source/emitterSpectroscopySpinvan der Waals

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Layered materials, including van der Waals (vdW) materials, are promising platforms for quantum technologies.
  • Optically addressable spins in these materials can be manipulated using photonic and electronic devices.
  • A wide variety of natural and synthetic layered materials offer diverse properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advances in using layered materials for quantum applications.
  • To discuss the microscopic origins of quantum emitters in vdW materials.
  • To explore strategies for developing functional devices based on these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on optically addressable spins in layered materials.
  • Analysis of defect engineering and device engineering approaches.
  • Discussion of microscopic configurations of atomic and electronic structures.

Main Results:

  • Layered materials facilitate the development of quantum communication and sensing applications.
  • Advances in photonic and electronic devices enable in situ manipulation of optical and spin transitions.
  • Opportunities exist for novel defect and scalable device engineering in vdW materials.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding quantum emitters in vdW materials.
  • Challenges remain in identifying microscopic spin origins and achieving simultaneous reproducibility.
  • Further research is needed to develop robust, functional quantum devices from layered materials.