Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

191
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
191
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

11
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
11
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

14
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
14
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

13
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
13
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

18
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
18
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

11
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
11

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CSF Testing for Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus and Measures to Improve Guideline Adherence.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026
Same author

The clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan result stewardship within a tertiary medical system.

Medical mycology·2026
Same author

Getting It Right the Second Time: How Can we Optimize First-Generation Cephalosporin Dosing for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the 21st Century?

Pharmacotherapy·2026
Same author

A myco-management problem: improving utilization of fungal and mycobacterial smear and culture.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2026
Same author

Rapid Antimicrobial Resistance Detection Methods in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society·2026
Same author

The Tantalizing Pursuit for a Perfect Diagnostic Test: Balancing Innovation With Stewardship.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
17:16

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

Published on: December 9, 2010

12.3K

Mindful diagnostics: a central nervous system infection case study.

Jonathan H Ryder1, Sarah E Turbett2,3,4

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology : ASHE
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced diagnostics like multiplex panels and cell-free DNA sequencing aid in diagnosing central nervous system infections. This framework guides their effective use, considering benefits, drawbacks, and stewardship.

More Related Videos

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
09:01

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

6.2K
Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
17:16

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

Published on: December 9, 2010

12.3K
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
09:01

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

6.2K
Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Central nervous system infections pose diagnostic challenges.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Traditional diagnostic methods have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a clinical case illustrating advanced diagnostic use for CNS infections.
  • To discuss the advantages, limitations, and stewardship of key diagnostic modalities.
  • To provide a framework for integrating novel diagnostics into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of a clinical case involving central nervous system infection.
  • Evaluation of multiplex molecular meningitis/encephalitis panels.
  • Assessment of plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing.
  • Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Multiplex panels offer rapid detection of common pathogens.
  • Cell-free DNA sequencing shows promise for broad pathogen identification.
  • Metagenomic next-generation sequencing provides comprehensive genomic analysis.
  • Each method has unique strengths, weaknesses, and optimal use cases.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced diagnostics significantly enhance the etiological diagnosis of CNS infections.
  • Diagnostic stewardship is essential for optimizing the use of these technologies.
  • A structured framework aids clinicians in selecting appropriate advanced diagnostic tools.