Bioinspired electrospun janus nanofibrous dressing for synergistic antibacterial activity and tissue regeneration

Wound infection remains significant challenge in clinical healing, frequently leading to delayed tissue regeneration and prolonged inflammatory responses.

Herein, a bioinspired electrospun Janus nanofibrous dressing (QAS-PU/FC) was designed to mimic the hierarchical architecture of natural skin and achieve synergistic infection inhibition and tissue regeneration.

The dressing is characterized by an Janus structure, in which the outer layer, composed of quaternary ammonium acrylate-based polyurethane and polycaprolactone (PCL), provides robust antibacterial protection and mechanical integrity, while the inner layer, composed of collagen and PCL, offers a biocompatible matrix that supports cell adhesion, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. The Janus design creates a functionally graded interface, enabling sequential antibacterial defense and regenerative stimulation. The outer antibacterial surface effectively inhibits both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli colonization, while the inner collagen-rich layer promotes fibroblast migration and neovascularization. In vivo studies further demonstrated that the Janus dressing significantly suppressed bacterial infection, reduced inflammation, and accelerated wound closure, achieving nearly complete tissue regeneration with organized collagen deposition and re-epithelialization.

This work provides a promising bioinspired strategy to design multifunctional Janus electrospun membranes for infection-controlled and regenerative wound care applications.