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Microbial Biosensors

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

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Analytical Performances of Polymer-Based Biosensors for Real Samples Application.

Marcello Mascini¹, Sara Palmieri¹, Fabiola Eugelio¹

¹Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.

|April 27, 2026

Summary

Polymer biosensors are advancing for real-world samples. This review highlights conductive polymers, hydrogels, and imprinted polymers, but notes validation gaps hinder commercial use.

Keywords:

conductive polymers hydrogels matrix effect molecularly imprinted polymers optical and electrochemical detection polymer biosensors real samples

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

Polymer-based biosensors have transitioned from passive supports to active components influencing performance in complex samples.
This review analyzes trends in polymer biosensor research from 2015-2025.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review and analyze meta-trends in polymer-based biosensors for addressing matrix effects.
To evaluate the performance of conductive polymers, redox-mediator polymers, hydrogels, and molecularly imprinted polymers in diverse applications.

Main Methods:

A meta-trend analysis of 96 research articles published between 2015 and 2025.
Evaluation of four polymer classes (conductive polymers, redox-mediator polymers, hydrogels, molecularly imprinted polymers).
Assessment of applications in food, beverage, environmental, and clinical settings.

Main Results:

Electrochemical detection is prevalent (79%), with conductive polymers offering low-potential operation.
Hydrogels provide high precision (RSD < 3%) in protein-rich samples.
Molecularly imprinted polymers show stability for trace detection but have slow diffusion rates.
Significant validation deficits exist, including missing limits of quantification (91%) and issues with reproducibility (33%) and precision (30%).

Conclusions:

The multi-matrix challenge and validation deficits are key barriers to commercialization.
Advanced architectures like nanocapsulation and nanocomposites may improve fouling resistance and stability.