Calcium Silicate-Based Cements for Vital Pulp Therapy: Integrated Assessment of Radiopacity, Elemental Composition,...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Materials Research
• Regenerative Endodontics

Background:

• Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are vital in endodontics.
• Radiopacifiers are crucial for radiographic assessment of CSCs.
• Understanding cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses is key for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare radiopacity, elemental composition, cytotoxicity, and cytokine responses of four CSCs.
• To evaluate the suitability of different radiopacifiers in CSC formulations.
• To assess the short-term biocompatibility of NeoMTA2, NeoPUTTY, TheraCal PT, and One-Fil PT.

Main Methods:

• Radiopacity measured using digital radiography (ISO 6876).
• Elemental composition analyzed via Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX).
• Cytotoxicity assessed using MTT assay on human dental pulp cells; Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels quantified by ELISA.

Main Results:

• NeoPUTTY (6.09 mm Al) and One-Fil PT (6.61 mm Al) exhibited highest radiopacity; TheraCal PT (1.61 mm Al) failed ISO standards.
• SEM/EDX identified tantalum in NeoMTA2/NeoPUTTY and zirconium in One-Fil PT/TheraCal PT.
• NeoPUTTY and NeoMTA2 showed superior cell viability and higher IL-10 levels, while TheraCal PT and One-Fil PT increased IL-6 expression.

Conclusions:

• NeoMTA2 and NeoPUTTY demonstrated favorable short-term cytocompatibility and inflammatory profiles.
• Adequate radiopacity was observed in NeoMTA2 and NeoPUTTY.
• Further long-term in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to confirm these findings.