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Single-atom nanozymes: Bridging atomic design and biomedical function through structure-activity-property

Sin Yuan Chong1, Kang Liang2, Jieying Liang1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) offer precise metalloenzyme mimicry for biomedical use. This review establishes a framework linking their atomic structure to catalytic function and applications, guiding future nanomedicine development.

Keywords:
BiocatalysisNanomedicineNanozymesSingle atomsTheranostics

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) mimic metalloenzymes with high precision.
  • Biomedical applications are hindered by limited structure-function understanding and clinical translation challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish a structure-activity-property relationship (SAPR) framework for SAzymes.
  • Bridge atomic-level design with catalytic behavior and biomedical function.

Main Methods:

  • Outline principles for constructing single-atom active sites.
  • Detail SAzyme design strategies: coordination, electronic structure, defects, and multi-atom sites.
  • Analyze how atomic features govern ROS generation, kinetics, and selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Atomic-level SAzyme features dictate catalytic processes and biomedical applications.
  • SAzymes enhance biosensing sensitivity and reproducibility.
  • SAzymes address tumor hypoxia, redox imbalance, and inflammation via ROS catalysis and metabolic modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The SAPR framework enables rational design of SAzymes for biosensing and therapy.
  • Key challenges include stability, protein corona, scalability, and biosafety.
  • This review provides a unified perspective for next-generation SAzyme nanomedicines.