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Characterizing pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in an underserved urban setting.

Matthew E Wei1, Joann J Kang1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (PBKC) is a chronic eye condition affecting children. Early diagnosis and consistent follow-up are crucial for managing severe cases and preventing vision loss in underserved communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Eye Care
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (PBKC) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the eyelid margins, conjunctiva, and cornea in children.
  • Characterizing PBKC in diverse, underserved urban populations is essential for understanding its impact and optimizing care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical features of PBKC in a diverse, underserved metropolitan community.
  • To evaluate visual outcomes and treatment strategies for PBKC in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of pediatric patients (≤16 years) diagnosed with PBKC.
  • Utilized SNOMED CT codes and manual chart review for patient identification and data extraction.

Main Results:

  • 60 patients included; majority female (58%) and Hispanic/Latino (55%).
  • Common symptoms: eye redness (87%), recurrent chalazia (63%), tearing (50%), itching (50%).
  • Corneal involvement varied: 25% mild, 57% moderate, 18% severe; severe cases more common in Hispanic patients (73%). Amblyopia occurred in 18% of moderate-to-severe cases. Recurrence observed in 62% of patients, particularly severe cases (100%).

Conclusions:

  • High rates of corneal complications, visual impairment, and recurrence noted in this underserved urban cohort.
  • Emphasizes the critical need for early diagnosis and consistent follow-up for PBKC management.
  • Findings highlight disparities and the importance of targeted interventions in vulnerable populations.