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Injury patterns in elite judo athletes: a prospective descriptive study.

Simon Yacoub1, Stefan Schleifenbaum2, Christoph-Eckhard Heyde3

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Summary

Elite judo athletes frequently sustain musculoskeletal injuries, particularly to the knee, shoulder, and elbow, primarily during throwing actions. Targeted prevention strategies are crucial for reducing these common judo injuries.

Keywords:
Injury preventionKnee jointLigament injuryThrowing techniquesTraining load

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Judo is a popular martial art with a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries, especially among elite competitors.
  • Limited prospective data exists on injury patterns in elite judo athletes.
  • Understanding injury mechanisms is vital for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively document injuries and associated factors in elite judoka.
  • To provide data for informing targeted injury prevention strategies in judo.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection of injuries in elite judoka from German Olympic training centers (Jan 2020 - June 2022).
  • Standardized online questionnaire used for recording injury details.
  • Descriptive analysis of 105 documented injuries.

Main Results:

  • The knee (31.4%), shoulder (17.1%), and elbow (13.3%) were the most frequently injured body parts.
  • Ligament injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament ruptures (7.6%), were predominant (40.0%).
  • Most injuries occurred during throwing actions (78.1%) in training (64.8%), affecting athletes aged 21-23.

Conclusions:

  • Judo injuries predominantly occur during throwing, affecting the knee, shoulder, and elbow.
  • Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures are a significant concern in elite judo.
  • Findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention, especially for knee injuries in judo athletes.