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Rutin extraction from Tartary buckwheat and extraction mechanisms using surface-active ionic liquids with different
Dawei Zhen1,2, Yanyan Jiao1, Fengmao Liu1
1College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
BMC Chemistry
|April 28, 2026
Summary
Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) efficiently extract rutin from buckwheat. Cholinium myristate ([Cho][Myr]) showed the best performance, comparable to traditional methods, by utilizing micellar solubilization.
Area of Science:
- Green Chemistry and Engineering
- Separation Science and Technology
- Natural Product Chemistry
Background:
- Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) are emerging as environmentally friendly alternatives for extraction processes.
- Rutin, a valuable flavonoid, is abundant in Tartary buckwheat but requires efficient extraction methods.
- Understanding the relationship between SAIL properties and extraction efficiency is crucial for process optimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of nine different SAILs in the ultrasonic extraction of rutin from Tartary buckwheat flour.
- To correlate SAIL physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, pH, CMC) with rutin extraction efficiency.
- To elucidate the mechanism of rutin solubilization and extraction by SAILs.
Main Methods:
- Screening of nine SAILs with varying cations ([C8mim], [C2mim], [Cho]) and anions (amino/fatty acids).
- Optimization of ultrasonic extraction conditions (SAIL concentration, solid-liquid ratio, temperature, time).
- Analysis of extraction efficiency using HPLC; characterization of SAILs and rutin-SAIL interactions using TEM, SEM, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and binding energy calculations.
Main Results:
- Cholinium myristate ([Cho][Myr]) demonstrated the highest rutin extraction efficiency (14 mg/g), comparable to 80% aqueous methanol.
- Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) identified strong correlations between extraction efficiency and SAIL properties (log P, CMC, pH).
- Evidence of micellar extraction, enhanced rutin solubility in SAIL solutions, and interactions (electrostatic, hydrogen bonding) between rutin and SAILs.
Conclusions:
- SAILs, particularly fatty acid-based ones like [Cho][Myr], are effective and green solvents for rutin extraction.
- The extraction efficiency is significantly influenced by SAIL physicochemical properties, enabling rational design and selection.
- This study provides a framework for optimizing SAIL-assisted green extraction of natural products like rutin.
Keywords:
Amino acidExtraction mechanismFatty acidQuantum chemical calculationRutinSurface-active ionic liquidMore Related Videos
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