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Exploring Occupational Therapists' Sleep Intervention Approaches and Perspectives for Children With Autism Spectrum

Muhammad Radhi Rahimi Abu Bakar1, Akehsan Dahlan2, Zul-Izzat Ikhwan Zaini3

  • 1Occupational Therapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Occupational Therapy International
|April 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric occupational therapists in Malaysia use behavioral, sensory, and environmental strategies for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sleep issues. Their approach prioritizes sensory regulation and parental involvement, improving sleep quality and reducing parental stress.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Occupational Therapy
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience sleep disturbances, impacting their health and family well-being.
  • Limited research exists on sleep interventions for ASD in Malaysia.
  • This study investigates sleep management strategies used by pediatric occupational therapists (OTs) in Malaysia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the types of sleep interventions used by pediatric OTs for children with ASD.
  • To understand the perspectives of pediatric OTs on managing sleep disturbances in this population.
  • To identify factors influencing intervention approaches in the Malaysian context.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory qualitative design utilizing two focus group discussions (FGDs).
  • Involved 10 pediatric OTs from private rehabilitation centers in northern Malaysia.
  • Employed thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's six-step process with rigor checks.

Main Results:

  • A multimodal intervention approach was identified, combining behavioral, sensory, physical activity, and environmental strategies.
  • A clinical decision pathway emerged, emphasizing sensory regulation before behavioral interventions.
  • Parental involvement is crucial but influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors; therapists reported improved sleep and reduced parental stress.

Conclusions:

  • A culturally responsive, modular approach to sleep interventions is valuable in Malaysian pediatric OT practice.
  • Findings suggest a need for future quantitative research to validate intervention effectiveness.
  • Advocates for increased awareness, specialized training, and appropriate assessment tools for OTs and families.
Abstract

Keywords:
Malaysiaautism spectrum disorderchildrenpediatric occupational therapistsleep interventions

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