Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)-Based Nanozymes: Types, Engineering, and Recent Advances in Biosensing

Nanozymes, an emerging class of nanomaterials with natural enzyme-mimicking activity, have received immense recognition due to their promising physicochemical properties, easy synthesis, modification, cost-effectiveness, and stability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique structural properties, porosity, customizability, and composition can efficiently mimic the active center of natural enzymes. Rational design of MOF structures with natural enzyme-like activity has opened up a new route in the field of biosensors. In this review, we first classified the MOF nanozymes based on their catalytic activity. Then, we systematically summarized the strategies to augment the enzyme-mimicking performance of MOF nanozymes. Moreover, their applications in the biosensing field have been reviewed. Finally, we discussed the challenges and prospects for the development of MOF nanozymes toward superior application performance.