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Mission command: How daily empowering leadership enables proactive behavior.

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Empowering leadership, specifically autonomy support, boosts military cadets' engagement and performance by encouraging personal initiative and strengths use. This leadership style is crucial for proactive motivation in demanding environments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Psychology
  • Military Leadership Studies
  • Human Resources Management

Background:

  • Mission command, a dominant military leadership doctrine, relies on decentralized decision-making and initiative.
  • Empowering leadership, encompassing autonomy and development support, is theorized to enhance proactive behaviors.
  • Understanding the daily dynamics of empowering leadership in high-pressure military training is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the daily relationship between empowering leadership (autonomy and development support) and work engagement/performance.
  • To examine the mediating roles of personal initiative and strengths use in this relationship.
  • To assess the moderating effect of development support on the autonomy support-initiative link.

Main Methods:

  • A 15-day diary study design with 261 Norwegian military cadets.
  • Daily self-reports on empowering leadership, work engagement, personal initiative, and strengths use.
  • Task performance rated by others; multilevel analyses conducted.

Main Results:

  • Leader autonomy support positively predicted daily engagement and task performance.
  • Personal initiative and strengths use mediated the positive effects of autonomy support.
  • Development support moderated the autonomy support-initiative relationship, amplifying indirect effects.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomy support is a key component of empowering leadership that fosters proactive motivation and effectiveness in military cadets.
  • Personal initiative and strengths use are crucial mechanisms through which autonomy support influences engagement and performance.
  • Findings offer practical guidance for leaders in military and other demanding contexts to cultivate proactive and engaged teams.