Iron oxide nanoparticles by high-energy electron beam-assisted synthesis

New approaches for the synthesis of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) are of considerable interest due to their potential applications in various fields, such as biomedicine, industry, environmental remediation, and catalysis. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing Fe₃O₄ NPs using high-energy electron beam (EB) irradiation starting from organic (acetylacetonates) iron precursors. EB irradiation is a challenging nanoparticle synthesis method, being at the same time efficient and rapid. The synthesis is carried out at room temperature and is based on the water radiolysis process. This eliminates the need for chemical-reducing agents and may provide precise control over particle formation. Using high-energy EB irradiation of an organic Fe precursor, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of well-dispersed Fe₃O₄ NPs with controlled size, morphology and magnetic properties, as proven by morpho-structural, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic investigations. In particular, using organic iron precursors, such as iron acetylacetonates, NPs with distinct surface characteristics and improved thermal stability compared to those synthesized from inorganic precursors were obtained. These findings suggest that integrating organic precursors in EB-assisted synthesis can enhance the functional properties of Fe₃O₄ NPs, making them more suitable for specific applications. The versatility of this method opens up new avenues for the targeted design of nanomaterials with specific functionalities, paving the way for advanced applications in various technological fields. The current study is also motivated by the lack of literature data on the synthesis of metallic iron or iron oxide NPs mediated by EB radiolysis.