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[Biologics and infections: understand and recognize].

Galina Balakirski1, Pietro Nenoff2

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Biologics are essential in dermatology for treating inflammatory skin diseases. However, these treatments can increase infection risk, such as tuberculosis with TNF-α inhibitors and candidiasis with IL-17 blockers.

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisCandida infectionsHerpes zosterLupus erythematosusPsoriasis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biologics are crucial for managing chronic inflammatory dermatoses like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
  • These therapies target specific immunological pathways, offering significant relief from disease activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of potential infection complications associated with systemic biologic therapy in dermatology.
  • To highlight the balance between therapeutic efficacy and increased infection susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on biologic therapies and their associated infectious risks.
  • Analysis of specific examples, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors and interleukin (IL)-17 (IL-17) blockers.

Main Results:

  • Systemic biologic therapy, while effective, can impair immune responses.
  • TNF-α inhibitors are linked to tuberculosis reactivation.
  • IL-17 blockers are associated with increased Candida infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and monitoring infection risks is vital for patients undergoing systemic biologic treatment.
  • Informed management is necessary to mitigate adverse infectious outcomes in dermatological care.