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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

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Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component...
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Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
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Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Systemic hypertension in very preterm infants: a population-based study.

Aseel Sa'deh1, Beth Ellen Brown2, Michael Vincer1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, 5850/5980 University Ave., PO Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|April 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic hypertension (SH) affects 10.9% of very preterm infants, with incidence decreasing over time. Antenatal magnesium sulfate use was linked to lower SH odds, and SH did not negatively impact infant outcomes.

Keywords:
HypertensionNICUNeurodevelopmentPreterm

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Systemic hypertension (SH) in very preterm infants is a significant concern requiring further research.
  • The incidence of SH in this population is not uncommon and warrants clinical attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence, trends, risk factors, clinical features, management, and outcomes of SH in very preterm infants.
  • To investigate the association between antenatal magnesium sulfate and the occurrence of SH.
  • To evaluate the impact of SH on neonatal mortality, hospital stay, and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, population-based study of very preterm infants (<31 weeks' gestation) born between 2002 and 2016 in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, Canada.
  • Comparison of infants diagnosed with SH requiring treatment against matched controls.
  • Review of perinatal data, SH details, neonatal course, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months corrected age.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of SH was 10.9%, showing a significant decline from 12.8% to 7.2% over the 15-year study period.
  • Intrapartum magnesium sulfate administration was associated with decreased odds of SH (aOR 0.25).
  • No significant differences were observed in mortality, length of hospital stay, or neurodevelopmental scores between SH patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of SH in very preterm infants is 10.9%, with a decreasing trend observed.
  • Antenatal magnesium sulfate administration is associated with reduced odds of developing SH.
  • Systemic hypertension in very preterm infants does not appear to be associated with adverse neonatal mortality, hospital stay, or neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months corrected age.