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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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Bidirectional Association Between Movement Behavior Composition and Body Composition in Children With Motor

Matthew Bourke1, Kathryn Fortnum1, Martin O'Flaherty1

  • 1Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Journal of Physical Activity & Health
|April 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Children with higher body fat prospectively engage in less healthy movement behaviors. Body composition may influence future movement, highlighting the need for interventions in children with overweight or obesity.

Keywords:
24-hour movement behaviorsbody weightmotor skillsobesitytime-use epidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric health
  • Movement science
  • Childhood obesity

Background:

  • Established cross-sectional links between movement behaviors and child body composition.
  • Lack of evidence on the directionality of these associations.
  • Need to understand associations in children with and without motor coordination difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine bidirectional associations between wake-time movement behaviors and body composition in children.
  • To determine if these associations differ between children with typical motor development and motor coordination difficulties.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 475 children (aged 4-5 years at baseline) over 3 years.
  • Objective measurement of movement behaviors (sedentary time, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) using accelerometers.
  • Assessment of body composition (BMI z-scores, waist circumference, body fat percentage) and motor coordination.

Main Results:

  • Higher baseline body mass index z-scores, waist circumference, and body fat percentage predicted less healthy movement behavior compositions (more sedentary time, less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) 3 years later.
  • Overall movement behavior compositions did not prospectively predict body composition.
  • Associations did not differ significantly between children with typical motor development and those with motor coordination difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood body composition appears to influence subsequent movement behaviors.
  • Interventions targeting children with overweight or obesity are crucial for promoting healthy movement behaviors.
  • Addressing disparities in movement behaviors is important for long-term health outcomes.