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Does an Innovative PT Program Targeting Mobility Benefit Veterans With Executive Function Deficit?

Elisa F Ogawa1,2,3, Rebekah Harris1,2, Ildiko Halasz4

  • 1New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Live Long Walk Strong (LLWS) physical therapy intervention improved mobility for all older Veterans, including those with executive function deficits (EFD). LLWS also enhanced executive function, especially for Veterans with EFD.

Keywords:
age‐friendly health systemcognitiongait speedmobility

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive function deficits (EFD) may influence physical therapy (PT) treatment response.
  • The novel PT intervention Live Long Walk Strong (LLWS) was examined for its efficacy.
  • Understanding treatment response in relation to EFD is crucial for optimizing care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the LLWS intervention on mobility and executive function in middle- and older-aged Veterans.
  • To compare treatment response between Veterans with and without executive function deficits (EFD).
  • To analyze changes in specific mobility and executive function measures post-LLWS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving Veterans (≥50 years) with slow walking speed.
  • Veterans received 8 weeks of LLWS care, categorized by baseline EFD status (EFD+ or EFD-).
  • Mixed linear regression models assessed changes in mobility (SPPB, walking speed, AMPAC) and executive function (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System) outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Participants with EFD+ had lower mobility and executive function at baseline but improved significantly over time.
  • Mobility outcomes improved significantly for all participants, irrespective of EFD status.
  • Executive function showed significant improvement in letter fluency for all, and category switching fluency favored the EFD+ group, indicating greater gains in this domain.

Conclusions:

  • LLWS treatment is efficacious for improving mobility in Veterans with and without EFD.
  • LLWS may offer specific benefits for executive function, particularly for Veterans with pre-existing deficits.
  • Further research in larger, diverse cohorts is recommended to confirm these findings.