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Updated: Apr 30, 2026
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Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
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Robotic Quad Zygomatic Implant Surgery Accuracy Ex Vivo With a New Semi-Autonomous Optically-Driven Haptic System.
Alessandro Pozzi1,2,3, James Chow4, Andrea Laureti5,6,7
1Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research
|April 29, 2026
Summary
This study shows a new robotic system for zygomatic implant surgery is highly accurate. The novel system achieved precise placement of quad zygomatic implants (ZIs) with minimal deviations in cadaver models.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Robotic Surgery
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Zygomatic implant (ZI) placement is complex, often requiring advanced surgical techniques.
- Robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) offers potential for enhanced precision.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the ex vivo accuracy of a novel semi-autonomous, optically-driven, haptic-assisted robotic system for quad zygomatic implant (ZI) placement.
Main Methods:
- Two expert surgeons placed ZIs in human cadavers using the robotic system.
- Accuracy was determined by comparing pre- and post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, measuring linear and angular deviations.
- Multivariate models analyzed deviations based on implant position (anterior vs. posterior) and quadrant (left vs. right).
Main Results:
- Forty ZIs were placed with mean global deviations of 1.16 mm at the implant platform and 1.51 mm at the apex.
- Mean angular deviation was 1.04 degrees.
- Implant position significantly affected accuracy, with posterior implants showing better platform accuracy and anterior implants showing better angular accuracy.
Conclusions:
- The optically-driven, haptic-assisted robotic system demonstrated high accuracy for quad ZI surgery.
- All implants were placed without intraoperative complications or damage to adjacent structures.
- Further in vivo validation is recommended for this promising robotic approach.
