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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • National disasters have increased significantly in frequency and economic impact since the 1980s.
  • Climate change is linked to more frequent and intense severe weather events, raising concerns for national emergency preparedness.
  • Emergency departments (EDs) are critical infrastructure during disasters, yet their operational capacity is often strained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review patterns of ED utilization and operations during natural disasters in the US.
  • To identify impacts on vulnerable populations, including the elderly, homeless, children with special needs, and those with chronic conditions.
  • To highlight challenges faced by EDs and propose strategies for enhanced preparedness for climate-related disasters.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing studies on ED use during natural disasters.
  • Analysis of studies comparing ED visits during disaster vs. non-disaster periods.
  • Inclusion of research examining disaster impacts on specific vulnerable populations.

Main Results:

  • Natural disasters, including hurricanes, wildfires, floods, winter storms, and earthquakes, significantly alter ED visit patterns.
  • Vulnerable populations often experience disproportionately greater impacts on ED access and utilization.
  • EDs face challenges such as overcrowding, resource shortages, and operational disruptions during disaster events.

Conclusions:

  • Increased frequency of climate-related disasters poses significant challenges to US emergency departments.
  • Targeted strategies are needed to support vulnerable populations and strengthen ED resilience.
  • Proactive measures are essential to enhance ED preparedness for future climate-related emergencies.