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User-Centered Design for Digital Patient-Navigation Tools in Oncology: Scoping Review
Saba Kheirinejad1, Brianna M White1, Parnian Kheirkhah Rahimabad1
1Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
Background:
Navigation programs for patients with cancer improve access and continuity of care, yet their digital transformation is often limited by poor usability and inadequate uptake. Applying user-centered and human-centered design (UCD/HCD) principles may close this gap, but the extent to which such design methods are used and evaluated in oncology navigation tools remains unclear.
Objective:
This scoping review identifies how UCD/HCD principles have been, and should be, applied in developing and implementing digital health tools for navigation for patients with cancer.
Methods:
A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) and Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. A total of 7 databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Embase, ACM Digital Library, and CINAHL) were searched for English-language articles published between January 2015 and July 2025. Eligible studies reported original, peer-reviewed research on digital or mobile health interventions linked to cancer navigation and documented at least 1 UCD/HCD activity. Two reviewers independently screened records and charted data on context, target users, functions, tool modality, design phase, methods, and outcomes. Findings were synthesized descriptively and thematically.
Results:
A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings were organized into 4 domains: study characteristics, navigation functions and digital modalities, design processes and methods, and UCD/HCD application. Iterative prototyping and usability testing were the most common, while participatory design and implementation evaluation were underused.
Conclusions:
UCD/HCD approaches enhance usability and patient relevance of digital cancer navigation tools. However, their application remains limited across cancer types, regions, and functions. Broader stakeholder participation and evaluation beyond usability are needed to strengthen coordination, equity, and sustainability in cancer care.
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