Extended High-Frequency Audiometry Outcomes in Generation Z With Electronic Noise Exposure

Exposure to recreational and electronic noise sources increases the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in pediatric and young adult populations-frequently referred to as Generation Z. Extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA) is commonly used for the early detection and prognostication of NIHL. Here, we used EHFA to evaluate the potential hearing loss associated with the use of technological devices in Generation Z individuals.

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive investigation. Individuals aged 10-22 years who presented to our clinic with any complaint between January 15, 2023, and January 15, 2024 and who were scheduled for routine hearing assessment were included. All participants underwent conventional audiometry covering conventional frequencies (CFs) as well as EHFA. Participants were divided into two groups based on weekly use of personal listening devices (PLDs): less than 10 h/week and 10 h/week or more. Differences between the groups were analyzed with respect to CFs and extended high frequencies (EHFs), as well as the presence of vertigo, tinnitus, and subjective hearing loss.

No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the presence of symptoms, vertigo, tinnitus, or hearing loss (p=0.47, p=0.75, p=0.10, and p=0.99, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the average CFs between the right and left ears (p=0.53 and p=0.38, respectively). In the right ear at 10 kHz, the mean threshold for participants using PLDs less than 10 h/week was 7.50±7.70, compared to 5.0±10.88 for those using PLDs 10 h or more per week (p=0.02). For all other frequencies, average thresholds in both ears were higher in participants with weekly PLDs ≥10 h compared to those with <10 h, although these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

EHFs tended to be higher in individuals using PLDs for ≥10 h/week, although the differences were not statistically significant at most frequencies. A significant difference was observed only at 10 kHz in the right ear; however, this may reflect interindividual variability rather than a consistent exposure effect. This study is the first in which NIHL in Generation Z was the focus, and replication in larger cohorts is warranted.