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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

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Picosecond all-electrical perpendicular magnetization switching.

Yu He1, Chen Xiao1,2, Kelian Lin1,2

  • 1Fert Beijing Research Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.

Nature Communications
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrafast magnetization switching was achieved in picoseconds using spin-orbit torque (SOT) in a CoTb/Ti/CoFeB/MgO heterostructure. This breakthrough enables energy-efficient spintronic devices operating at THz frequencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) offers an effective method for manipulating magnetic states in spintronic devices.
  • Recent advancements demonstrated picosecond magnetization switching using electrical pulses, significantly reducing switching times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of picosecond all-electrical magnetization switching in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy system without an external magnetic field.
  • To explore the role of SOT generated by a CoTb layer in achieving ultrafast switching.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a CoTb/Ti/CoFeB/MgO heterostructure.
  • Generation of simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane spin currents using the CoTb layer.
  • Characterization of magnetization switching dynamics using picosecond electrical pulses.
  • Micromagnetic simulations and numerical analysis to understand switching mechanisms and energy efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated picosecond (16 ps) all-electrical magnetization switching in the heterostructure.
  • Achieved projected energy consumption of 41 fJ/bit for a 100×100 nm² device.
  • Identified that strong spin-orbit coupling in Tb significantly enhances SOT efficiency.
  • Revealed a trade-off between pulse width and energy consumption, with an optimal spin current ratio for efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Picosecond all-electrical magnetization switching is achievable in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy systems without external magnetic fields.
  • The CoTb layer effectively generates SOT, enabling ultrafast and energy-efficient magnetic switching.
  • This research paves the way for advancing spintronic devices toward the THz frequency regime.