A study on the evaluation method and temporal-spatial analysis of eco-environmental carrying capacity in Hebei...

Eco-environmental carrying capacity (EECC) reflects a region's ability to support population growth and socio-economic development under environmental constraints. In this study, an index system was constructed by integrating the standard deviation method with the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. An AEW-TC-GRA-TOPSIS (ATGT) model was developed by combining the anti-entropy weight method with an improved TOPSIS approach incorporating the Tanimoto coefficient and grey relational analysis. The model was applied to assess the EECC of Hebei Province from 2013 to 2022, and the results were analyzed from spatial, temporal, and obstacle perspectives.The results indicate that: (1) the EECC of Hebei Province showed a steady upward trend during the study period, with the index reaching 0.73 in 2022, representing an increase of 0.42 compared with 2013; (2) spatially, Hengshui and Zhangjiakou were classified as overloaded in 2013, while the EECC indices of other cities ranged from 0.3 to 0.4. By 2022, the EECC of all cities improved significantly, with most classified as weakly bearable; (3) the state subsystem was the dominant constraint, with per capita resource availability and water quality compliance rate identified as the main obstacle factors.These findings suggest that Hebei Province should further strengthen ecological management to better coordinate human activities with the natural environment and promote sustainable development. development.