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Enabling High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries by Stabilizing the Anode Interface with a Trace 6FDA Additive.
Rou Bao1, Ximei Sun1, Fayang Guan2
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, P. R. China.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 30, 2026
Summary
A novel fluorinated macromolecular additive, 6FDA, enhances lithium metal battery performance by creating a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This improves cycling stability and efficiency for safer, low-cost batteries.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Interface instability in lithium metal anodes is a major challenge for battery performance.
- Rational design of electrolyte additives is crucial for stabilizing the anode-electrolyte interface.
- Fluorinated compounds offer potential for creating robust solid electrolyte interphases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of a novel fluorinated macromolecular additive, 6FDA, for stabilizing lithium metal anodes.
- To elucidate the mechanism by which 6FDA improves the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
- To evaluate the electrochemical performance enhancement in lithium metal batteries.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of the fluorinated macromolecular additive 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA).
- Electrochemical testing of Li||Li symmetric cells and full cells (with NCM88 cathode) using electrolytes with and without 6FDA.
- Analysis of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition and morphology.
Main Results:
- Addition of 0.02 wt % 6FDA significantly reduced lithium nucleation overpotential (234.6 mV to 80.5 mV).
- 6FDA enabled uniform lithium deposition and suppressed side reactions, leading to stable cycling (>800 h) in symmetric cells.
- Full cells with 6FDA exhibited improved initial Coulombic efficiency (90.4%) and capacity retention (80.17% after 150 cycles) compared to traditional electrolytes.
- Enhanced rate performance was observed, with capacity increasing from 128.65 mAh g-1 to 170.22 mAh g-1 at 5 C.
Conclusions:
- The fluorinated macromolecular additive 6FDA effectively engineers the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for lithium metal anodes.
- 6FDA significantly enhances the electrochemical performance, cycling stability, and rate capability of lithium metal batteries.
- This approach offers a promising strategy for developing high-safety, low-cost lithium metal batteries.
