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Updated: May 1, 2026

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
Published on: October 20, 2022
Social norms and group-bounded indirect reciprocity.
Wakaba Tateishi1, Hirotaka Imada2,3
1Department of Business Administration, Hokkaido Musashi Women's University, Sapporo, Japan.
Humans use reputation to cooperate, but sensitivity to second-order information varies. This study found people use second-order information more for in-group interactions, though it
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Social Psychology
- Behavioral Economics
Background:
- Indirect reciprocity explains cooperation via reputation.
- First-order and second-order information are theoretically crucial for cooperation.
- Empirical evidence on second-order information use is inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of second-order information in indirect reciprocity.
- To test if individuals are more sensitive to second-order information in in-group vs. out-group contexts.
- To examine how group membership influences reputation judgments.
Main Methods:
- A preregistered online experiment with 604 participants.
- Independent manipulation of group membership (in-group/out-group), target behavior (cooperation/defection), and recipient reputation (good/bad).
- Assessment of participants' evaluations of donor behavior.
Main Results:
- Participants used second-order information, rating defectors against good recipients more negatively.
- Second-order information influenced reputation more for in-group than out-group interactions when evaluating cooperating donors.
- Individuals generally utilized second-order information regardless of group context.
Conclusions:
- Second-order information plays a role in indirect reciprocity, particularly within in-group contexts.
- Group membership modulates the influence of second-order information on reputation.
- Humans readily employ reputation information for social decision-making, with nuances related to group affiliation.
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