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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

900
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
906
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

30
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
30
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

47
Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
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Chronic Intestinal Failure: Portuguese Overview and Future Perspectives.

André Bargas1, Luisa Glória1, Jorge Fonseca2,3

  • 1Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.

GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) care in Portugal is improving with new national standards and multidisciplinary teams. However, further development is needed to meet European benchmarks for patient care and data collection.

Keywords:
Chronic intestinal failureHome parenteral nutritionMultidisciplinary managementPortugalQuality of care

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Gastroenterology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) necessitates long-term intravenous supplementation, impacting patient health and quality of life.
  • European initiatives aim to standardize CIF definitions and home parenteral support, but significant international disparities persist.
  • CIF care structures are still developing in many countries, including Portugal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of CIF care in Portugal.
  • To analyze the impact of legislative changes and professional initiatives on CIF management.
  • To identify progress and remaining gaps in aligning Portuguese CIF care with European standards.

Main Methods:

  • Review of legislative documents and national health directives.
  • Analysis of recent Portuguese and European studies on CIF care.
  • Evaluation of progress towards implementing ESPEN quality-of-care standards.

Main Results:

  • Portugal has made legislative advances, establishing a framework for home management and multidisciplinary nutrition support teams.
  • Progress has been achieved in CIF care, but challenges remain in coordination, national registry data, and specialized services.
  • There is a recognized need to improve CIF recognition and reporting within Portugal.

Conclusions:

  • Legislative and professional efforts are crucial first steps for equitable, evidence-based CIF management in Portugal.
  • Implementing multidisciplinary teams and adhering to ESPEN standards are key to enhancing patient safety, outcomes, and cost-efficiency.
  • While Portuguese CIF care has advanced significantly, further efforts are required to reach European standards.