Extraction and Mass Spectrometry Detection of Cannabinoids in Clinical Samples

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Forensic Science

Background:

• Cannabis product legalization drives research into bioactive compounds, particularly cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
• Understanding cannabinoid pharmacology and therapeutic potential necessitates precise identification and quantification.
• Challenges exist in isolating cannabinoids from complex biological matrices before analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of extraction procedures for isolating cannabinoids from biological samples.
• To explore the principles, advantages, and limitations of common cannabinoid detection techniques.
• To highlight advancements in analytical methodologies for cannabinoid research.

Main Methods:

• Detailed overview of extraction protocols for isolating cannabinoids from biological matrices (blood, urine, tissue).
• Exploration of detection techniques including gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS).
• Discussion of immunoassay-based approaches for rapid cannabinoid screening.

Main Results:

• Extraction effectiveness is crucial for preserving compound integrity and minimizing degradation.
• Chromatographic methods (GC-MS, LC-MS) offer high specificity and sensitivity for cannabinoid detection.
• Immunoassays provide a cost-effective and rapid screening alternative.

Conclusions:

• Accurate cannabinoid analysis relies on optimized extraction and validated detection methods.
• Evolving analytical techniques are essential for meeting clinical, forensic, and regulatory demands.
• Further research into advanced methodologies will enhance cannabinoid profiling and understanding.