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Noise, Hearing, and Communication in the Operating Room: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Sarah E Hughes1, Milisa Manojlovich2, Eunice Y Lee3

  • 1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Operating room noise significantly impacts communication, with 80% of staff reporting hearing difficulties. Strategies are needed to address these barriers and improve teamwork in surgical environments.

Keywords:
acoustic stimulationcommunication barriersinterprofessional relationsnoise‐induced hearing lossoccupational noiseoperating roomspatient safetysurgical proceduresworkplace safety

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Surgical Safety
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Operating room (OR) environments present unique challenges to effective communication.
  • Noise pollution is a significant, yet often underestimated, factor affecting auditory perception and information exchange in the OR.
  • Understanding these communication barriers is crucial for patient safety and team performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence and nature of noise-related communication barriers in the operating room.
  • To identify common coping strategies employed by OR personnel.
  • To explore preferences for interventions aimed at mitigating these barriers.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center.
  • An anonymous electronic survey assessed hearing difficulties, communication barriers, and coping strategies among diverse OR personnel.
  • Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

Main Results:

  • 80.4% of 225 respondents reported hearing difficulties in the OR, with 14.7% experiencing them in every case.
  • Personnel with ≥5 years of OR exposure had higher odds of diagnosed hearing loss.
  • Communication was most challenging during orthopedic procedures, with environmental noise (suction, drills, music, alarms) and robotic surgery frequently cited as issues.

Conclusions:

  • Noise-induced hearing and communication challenges are pervasive across all operating room roles.
  • Self-accommodations like repetition and environmental adjustments are common but insufficient.
  • Further interventional studies are required to assess acoustic, cultural, and technological strategies for improving OR communication and teamwork.