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Form and Sound Activation in First Language During Second Language Word Recognition.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Chinese-English bilinguals activate both Chinese orthographic and phonological representations when processing English words. L2 proficiency influences the timing of this cross-language activation during language processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Second Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Bilingual language processing involves understanding how two languages interact within an individual's mind.
  • Previous research suggests that bilinguals may access representations from their native language (L1) even when processing their second language (L2).
  • The role of L2 proficiency in modulating cross-language activation remains an active area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether Chinese-English bilinguals activate L1 (Chinese) orthographic and phonological representations during L2 (English) word processing.
  • To examine how varying levels of L2 proficiency affect this cross-language activation process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the visual-world paradigm with 71 Chinese-English bilinguals (40 low, 31 high L2 proficiency).
  • Participants viewed images while listening to an L2 word, with competitors designed to elicit orthographic or phonological interference from L1.
  • Measured eye movements to assess fixation probabilities on target, competitor, and distractor images.

Main Results:

  • Both low- and high-proficiency bilinguals showed significant orthographic and phonological competition effects, indicating cross-language activation.
  • Orthographic competition effects appeared earlier in low-proficiency bilinguals and later in high-proficiency bilinguals.
  • Phonological competition effects were observed early in both groups, with an additional later phase in high-proficiency bilinguals.

Conclusions:

  • Chinese-English bilinguals demonstrate nonselective coactivation of both orthographic and phonological L1 representations during L2 word processing.
  • L2 proficiency significantly modulates the temporal dynamics of orthographic and phonological activation from the L1 lexicon.
  • These findings contribute to our understanding of the intricate interplay between L1 and L2 during bilingual language comprehension.