Fractional dual-phase-lag bioheat transfer under a moving laser: Nonlinear perfusion modeling with a spectral-finite...

This article establishes a nonlinear mathematical model for time-fractional dual-phase-lag bioheat transfer under Neumann boundary conditions during moving laser hyperthermia, incorporating a temperature-dependent blood perfusion rate into the fractional Pennes bioheat transfer equation. Based on the L2-1σ scheme for multi-term Caputo fractional derivatives, the finite difference/Legendre spectral collocation method is utilized to solve the nonlinear problem, and its accuracy is verified by three representative numerical examples. Numerical simulations show that the temperature distribution is positively correlated with laser intensity, laser spot size, fractional order β and τ_q, and negatively correlated with blood perfusion-related constants, fractional order α and τ_T. The results suggest that the proposed model is effective in describing heat transfer phenomena within biological tissues.