Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026

Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
Published on: October 7, 2015
Feasibility of a Noninvasive Core Temperature Sensor and the Effects of Combined Cooling on Thermal Strain and
Xiaoyue Hu1, Genki Murakami2, Hiroshi Hasegawa1
1Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
Purpose:
This study evaluated the practical feasibility of the CORE sensor for noninvasive tracking of changes in estimated core body temperature (Est-Tcore) during simulated beach volleyball match-play in the heat and examined the effects of a combined cooling strategy on countermovement jump (CMJ) and T-agility performance.
Methods:
Eleven competitive male collegiate players completed 2 simulated match-play trials under hot outdoor conditions using a randomized crossover design. The COOL condition included precooling with an ice vest and ice slurry ingestion, followed by additional ice slurry during breaks. The CON condition replicated fluid intake without cooling. Est-Tcore and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored, and thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and session-rating of perceived exertion were assessed. CMJ and T-agility performance were measured immediately before and after the matches.
Results:
COOL attenuated the increase in Est-Tcore during warm-up and improved perceptual responses (lower thermal sensation, P < .05), while HR did not differ significantly between conditions. Postmatch CMJ and T-agility did not differ significantly between the conditions, although small-to-moderate effect sizes suggested a possible preservation of performance.
Conclusion:
The CORE sensor demonstrated practical applicability for tracking relative changes in Est-Tcore during beach volleyball match play. Combined external-internal cooling attenuated thermal strain and improved perceptual responses; however, these effects did not translate into clear benefits for explosive performance outcomes.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Thermal Stress
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Thermal Strain
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

